Close past tense
Meaning of close
to move so as to cover an opening; shut.
Infinitive
- 1. The library closes at 8 pm every weekday.
- 2. She always closes her eyes when she prays.
- 3. The store closes early on Sundays.
Past Simple
- 1. The store closed early yesterday because of the storm.
- 2. As soon as the concert ended, the organizers closed the venue to clean up.
- 3. They closed the deal successfully after months of negotiation.
Past Participle
- 1. The store has been closed by the manager for the holiday.
- 2. She had closed the deal successfully, securing a major victory for her company.
- 3. All windows were closed to prevent the storm from causing any damage inside.
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Bare infinitive
- General Facts or Truths.Example. The store closes at 8 p.m. every day.Example. She always closes the windows before leaving the house.Example. The museum closes early this Friday for maintenance.
- Use for stating facts or things that are generally true.Example. The store closes at 8 p.m. every day.Example. She always closes the windows before leaving the house.Example. The museum closes early this Friday for maintenance.
- Habitual Actions.Example. The store closes at 8 p.m. every day.Example. She always closes the windows before leaving the house.Example. The museum closes early this Friday for maintenance.
- Use to talk about actions or habits that are routine.Example. The store closes at 8 p.m. every day.Example. She always closes the windows before leaving the house.Example. The museum closes early this Friday for maintenance.
- Scheduled Events in the Near Future.Example. The store closes at 8 p.m. every day.Example. She always closes the windows before leaving the house.Example. The museum closes early this Friday for maintenance.
- Use for scheduled events, often related to a timetable or schedule.Example. The store closes at 8 p.m. every day.Example. She always closes the windows before leaving the house.Example. The museum closes early this Friday for maintenance.
Past Simple
- Completed Actions in the Past.Example. The shop closed at 6 p.m. yesterday.Example. She closed the book, turned off the lights, and went to bed.Example. When I was a child, I closed my eyes during scary movies.
- Use to describe actions that were completed at a specific time in the past.Example. The shop closed at 6 p.m. yesterday.Example. She closed the book, turned off the lights, and went to bed.Example. When I was a child, I closed my eyes during scary movies.
- Sequential Actions in the Past.Example. The shop closed at 6 p.m. yesterday.Example. She closed the book, turned off the lights, and went to bed.Example. When I was a child, I closed my eyes during scary movies.
- Use when narrating events that occurred one after the other in the past.Example. The shop closed at 6 p.m. yesterday.Example. She closed the book, turned off the lights, and went to bed.Example. When I was a child, I closed my eyes during scary movies.
- Past Habits.Example. The shop closed at 6 p.m. yesterday.Example. She closed the book, turned off the lights, and went to bed.Example. When I was a child, I closed my eyes during scary movies.
- Use to talk about habits or routines that were true in the past but no longer exist.Example. The shop closed at 6 p.m. yesterday.Example. She closed the book, turned off the lights, and went to bed.Example. When I was a child, I closed my eyes during scary movies.
Past Participle
- Perfect Tenses.Example. The police have closed the case.Example. The store had already closed when I arrived.Example. By the time you arrive, the office will have closed.Example. The bridge was closed for repairs.
- Present Perfect. Use to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.Example. The police have closed the case.Example. The store had already closed when I arrived.Example. By the time you arrive, the office will have closed.Example. The bridge was closed for repairs.
- Past Perfect. Use to describe an action that was completed before another past action or time.Example. The police have closed the case.Example. The store had already closed when I arrived.Example. By the time you arrive, the office will have closed.Example. The bridge was closed for repairs.
- Future Perfect. Use to describe an action that will have been completed by a certain future time.Example. The police have closed the case.Example. The store had already closed when I arrived.Example. By the time you arrive, the office will have closed.Example. The bridge was closed for repairs.
- Passive Voice.Example. The police have closed the case.Example. The store had already closed when I arrived.Example. By the time you arrive, the office will have closed.Example. The bridge was closed for repairs.
- Use when the focus is on the action or the state being described rather than who or what is performing the action.Example. The police have closed the case.Example. The store had already closed when I arrived.Example. By the time you arrive, the office will have closed.Example. The bridge was closed for repairs.
Common mistakes
— 01
Incorrect Forms
A common mistake is using the wrong form for the past simple and past participle of the verb 'close.' The correct past simple form is 'closed,' and the past participle form is also 'closed.' However, learners often mistakenly treat it as an irregular verb and use incorrect forms, such as 'cloze' or 'closen,' which are not valid in English.
— 02
Misuse in Perfect Tenses
Another frequent error involves the misuse of the past participle form 'closed' in perfect tenses. The correct usage involves combining 'has,' 'have,' or 'had' with 'closed' (e.g., 'I have closed the window'). Mistakes occur when learners either use the past simple form 'closed' without auxiliary verbs (e.g., 'I have closed the window' vs. the incorrect 'I closed the window' when meaning to use the present perfect) or mistakenly use 'closed' as if it were an irregular past participle (e.g., incorrectly saying 'I have cloze the window').
— 03
Confusion with Passive Voice
Learners often confuse the use of 'closed' in passive voice constructions. The correct construction for passive voice is 'be' verb + past participle (e.g., 'The store was closed by the owner'). Mistakes arise when the past simple form is used instead of the past participle with a 'be' verb, or when the past participle is used without the 'be' verb, leading to sentences like 'The store closed by the owner' (missing 'was') or 'The store was close by the owner' (incorrectly using 'close' instead of 'closed'). This confuses the meaning and grammatical correctness of the sentence.
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